Investigating the role of ChatGPT in learners’ selfconfidence and foreign language anxiety

Abstract

The integration of AI tools such as ChatGPT into language learning has attracted growing interest. With features like audio chat, these tools offer more opportunities for learners to practice speaking outside the classroom, which may contribute to building learners' confidence and relieving foreign language anxiety (FLA) caused by limited exposure to the target language. This study examines the effectiveness of using ChatGPT as a language partner outside the classroom to enhance self-confidence and reduce FLA among 90 undergraduate students in Japan. Over a 15-week semester, participants engaged in three-minute audio conversations with ChatGPT. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were administered to assess learners' anxiety and confidence levels, as well as their perceptions of ChatGPT in language learning. Results showed that learners' anxiety and confidence levels remained unchanged. However, participants reported positive attitudes toward the use of GenAI in language learning. These findings suggest that although ChatGPT has limited impact on reducing classroom anxiety and boosting confidence, learners' positive attitudes and motivation indicate its potential as a valuable supplementary tool for speaking practice outside the classroom.